Wednesday, June 9, 2021

A 38 YEAR OLD MALE PATIEN WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS WITH PSEUDO HYPONATREMIA

Tondapu Sreelekha, 8th semester

Roll no. – 135

 This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients’ clinical problems with collective current best evidence-based inputs. This e-log book also reflects my patient centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome

 

I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan. 

 

 

Following is the view of my case: (history as per date of admission)

 

CASE

A 38-year-old male came to the OPD with chief complaints of shortness of breath  since 4 days, right ear pain since 5 days, bilateral leg pain since 1 month, vomiting since 10 months.


 

HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 months back when he had episodes of vomiting which were ON and OFF.

Later he developed bilateral leg pain 1 month back.

He had had right ear pain for 5 days which was associated with ear discharge which was mucoid, blood stained, non foul smelling. There is no history of trauma, URTI, decreased hearing, giddiness.

He developed shortness of breath 4 days back.

PAST HISTORY

·         No similar complaints in the past.

·         He is a known case of diabetes mellitus since 1 year for which he used medication for 10 months, after which he stopped taking medication on his own and started using ayurvedic medication.

·         He is not a known case of hypertension, TB, Asthma and epilepsy

 

 

PERSONAL HISTORY

·         DIET- Mixed

·         APPETITE- normal

·         SLEEP- Adequate

·         BOWELS- Regular

·         MICTURATION- Normal

·         ADDICTIONS- None

·         ALLERGIES- None

 

FAMILY HISTORY

·         There is no significant family history.

 

 

GENERAL EXAMINATION

The patient was drowsy and had altered sensorium.

He was moderately built and  moderately nourished.

·         No pallor

·         No icterus

·         No cyanosis

·         No clubbing

·         No generalized lymphadenopathy

·         No pedal oedema

 

 

VITALS at the time of admission

·        Temperature: 98.4F

·        Pulse: 94 beats/mins

·        Blood pressure: 110/70 mmHg

·        Respiratory rate: 24 cycles/min

·        GRBS: 175mg/dL

 

SYSEMIC EXAMINATION

 

CVS

·         S1 and S2 heart sounds heard.

·         No murmurs heard.

Respiratory system

·         Bilateral air entry +

·         No crepts

 

CNS

Altered sensorium

Abdomen

·         Soft and non-tender.

·         Bowel sounds were heard.

·         No organomegaly.

 

INVESTIGATIONS

LFT

·         Total bilirubin: 1.0 mg/dl

·         Direct bilirubin: 0.2 mg/dl

·         SGOT: 26 IU/L

·         SGPT: 12 IU/ L

·         ALP: 222 IU/L

·         Total proteins: 7.1 gm/dl

·         Albumin: 3.8gm/dl

·         A/G ratio: 1.16

 

RFT

 

·         Blood urea : 39 mg/dl

·         Serum creatinine : 0.6 mg/dl

·         Uric acid: 6.7 mg/dl

·         Calcium : 10 mg/dl

·         Phosphorus : 2.1 mg/dl

·         Sodium : 130 mEq/L

·         Potassium : 3.8 mEq/L

       Chloride : 98mEq/L

 

 



Haemoglobin: 16.2gm/dl

TLC: 7,700

Urine analysis

·         Ketones: positive

·         Albumin: positive

·         Sugar: 3+

·         Pus cells: 3-4

·         Epithelial cells: 2 to 4




 

 

Provisional diagnosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to non compliance to insulin. Pseudo hyponatremia secondary to hyperglycemia.

 

Treatment given:

·         IVF NS @ 100ml/hr

·         IVF FUSIDEX @ 75ml/hr if GRBS is less than 200mg/ dl

·         Inj.  40IU HAI in 39ml NS @ 5ml/hr algorithm 2 to be followed.

·         NBM till further orders.

·         Inj. NaHCO3 50mEq IV stat followed by Inj. NaHCO3 100mEq I 200ml NS stat.

·         GRBS 6th hourly charting.

·         Temperature 4 hourly charting

·         Strict I/O charting

·         BP/ PR/ spO2 charting 2 hourly

·         Inj. ZOSTOM 1.5gm/IV/BD

·         Tab. CLOWAZEPAM 0.5mg/PO/Stat


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