Thursday, February 24, 2022

A 27 year old with abdominal pain



 This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients’ clinical problems with collective current best evidence-based inputs. 



This e-log book also reflects my patient centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome

 


I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.



A 27 year old male patient, who is a driver by occupation and a resident of Chityala came with the chief complaints of 

Abdominal pain since 5 days 

Nausea and committing since 5 days. 


The patient was apparently asymptotic 10 years back. He started drinking at an age of 17 years. He had his first drink (toddy) in a function that he attended. At that time he consumed 2 bottles of toddy. The patient gives history that he faced similar complaints back then that is abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. For which he was taken to the hospital and was treated. 


Later the patient started drinking occasionally usually with his friends or during festivals (1 bottle)


10 days before the symptoms started the patient gives a history of drinking 1-2 bottle of toddy everyday as it was someone’s wedding/ function.  The day after drinking he would wake up with a hangover and drink 1/4 bottle of toddy to get relieved from the symptoms. 5 days ago the patient gives history of going to a  wedding where he ate “masala rice” and drank 2 bottles of toddy. 

6 hours after this he started experiencing abdominal pain in the epigastric and the umbilical region. The pain was sudden in onset and constant throughout the time. There were no aggravating or relieving factors as such. 


The patient also complains of nausea and vomiting. He has had a vomiting episode everytime he has tried to consume food. 

He also had FEVER which was  low-grade,  intermittent , associated with burning micturition but not associated with chills& rigors cold , cough,  weakness ,joint pains


As his symptoms were not subsiding he went to a hospital in nalagonda, where he was given symptomatic treatment. And was put on NBM. 


He has had 2 loose stool of day 3 and day 4 of symptoms. 


As the patient’s condition was not improving they shifted to our hospital. 


PAST HISTORY 

He is not a known case of DM, HTN coronary artery diseases, Asthma, TB, epilepsy. 


PERSONAL HISTORY 

Diet: mixed

Appetite: NIL 

Bowel: normal 

Bladder : normal

Sleep: disturbed 

Addictions: consumes toddy 

Allergies (food/drugs) : nil 


GENERAL EXAMINATION 

  •   The patient if conscious, coherent and cooperative 
  • He is Moderately built and moderately nourished 
  • NO signs of pallor, icterus, clubbing, cyanosis, generalised lymphadenopathy, pedal edema  is seen 


VITALS:

  • PR: 90bpm
  • BP: 110/70mmHg
  • RR: 18 cpm
  • Temperature: 99.4°F


PER ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION :




On inspection : 

The abdomen is scaphoid in shape. The umbilicus was central in position and inverted. 

There were no visible peristalsis, engorged veins, discoloured skin over the abdomen.  


On palpation :

Tenderness is  noted. Muscle guarding is present. 

There is no organomegaly. 

No signs of ascites. 


On auscultation: 

Decreased bowel sounds were heard. 


Respiratory system examination

Bilateral air entry was present. 

Normal vesicular breath sounds were heard. 


CVS

S1 and S2 are heard. 

No abnormal heart sounds were heard. 


CNS:

No fuctional deficits were noticed. 



TREATMENT

IVF : NS , RL @ 100ml/hr 

INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV /BD

INJ.PANTOP 40mg IV/BD

INJ.PCM 650mg po/TID 

INJ.NEOMOL 1g sos(if temp >101 f ) 

INJ. OPTINEURON 1amp in 100ml NS IV/BD

INJ. TRAMADOL 1amp in 100ml NS IV/BD

Tuesday, February 22, 2022

65 year old female with fever and generalised muscle pain





This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients’ clinical problems with collective current best evidence-based inputs. 

This e-log book also reflects my patient centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome

 

I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.  


A 65 year old female, homemaker by occupation and a resident of Miryalaguda  presented with the chief complaints of 

  • Fever since 10 days 
  • Generalised body weakness since 10 days 


The patient was apparently asymptotic 5 years back when she went to a hospital for her knee pain and during the general examination was diagnosed with hypertension.  

Tab. Telmesartan 40mg OD was given and the patient has been compliant with the medication till date. 


She went to a hospital for a regular checkup 4 years back and was diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus. She was given tab. Metformin. She was compliant with the medication. The medication was stopped 6 months back as suggested by the doctor after checking her blood sugar levels which were low. 


The patient had complains of pedal edema 1 year back. The edema was noticed till her knee joint. She waited for 2 months for it to subside on its own after which she went to the hospital as it was not decreasing.  On evaluation in the hospital they were informed that the size of the kidneys were reduced and there was protein in the urine. 


She also complained of foul smelling urine during this time but there were no other symptoms such as burning micturition. 


After evaluation the patient was given medication for the kidney pathology which she used till 3 months ago. The patient then stopped the medication without consulting the doctor as there were no symptoms. 


The patient complaints of fever since 10 days. The fever was of low grade (100-101°F) and was associated with chills and rigor. It showed nocturnal variation and was decreased on taking medication. There were no complaints of cough or night sweats. 

The patient also complains of generalised body weakness since 10 days. 

She also complains of foul smelling urine. 

She is not able to get up from her bed to do her normal activities. 


PAST HISTORY 

She is not a known case of coronary artery diseases, Asthma, TB, epilepsy. 


PERSONAL HISTORY 

Diet: mixed

Appetite: decreased 

Bowel: normal 

Bladder : foul smelling urine 

Sleep: adequate

Addictions: nil

Allergies (food/drugs) : nil 


GENERAL EXAMINATION 

  •   The patient is drowsy but easily arousable and follows commands. 
  • She is Moderately built and moderately nourished
  • Pallor is present 


  • Pitting type of pedal edema is seen. 

  • NO icterus, clubbing, cyanosis, generalised lymphadenopathy. 



VITALS:

  • PR: 90bpm
  • BP: 130/90 mmHg
  • RR: 20cpm
  • Temperature: 99°F


CVS EXAMINATION:


  • On palpation,

-Apex beat was felt in the 5th intercostal space medial to the mid clavicular line. 

-JVP was normal  

-No precordial bulge 

-No parasternal heave

-On auscultation, S1, S2 heard; no murmurs were heard 


RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION: 


  • INSPECTION:  bilaterally symmetrical 

-Expansion of chest: Equal on both sides

-Position of trachea: Central

-Supraclavicular and infraclavicular hollowness was not seen 

-No Crowding of ribs 

-No visible scars, sinuses, pulsations

  • PALPATION:

-expansion of chest was equal on both sides. 

-Position of trachea: Central

-Vocal fremitus: resonant note was felt.

  • PERCUSSION: all lung areas were resonant 
  • AUSCULTATION:
  • Bilateral air entry was present. Vesicular breath sounds were heard.  
  • Vocal resonance: resonant in all areas


PER ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 

  • Soft, non-tender
  • No hepato-spleenomegaly was noted



CNS EXAMINATION :


HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS- 

The patient was drowsy. 

Speech and language normal

Memory intact




CRANIAL NERVES  are normal


MOTOR EXAMINATION- 

Normal bulk in upper and lower limbs

Normal tone in upper and lower limbs

Normal power in upper and lower limbs


Gait could not be examined as the patient is drowsy and not being able to stand. 


SENSORY EXAMINATION-

Normal sensations felt in all dermatomes


REFLEXES-

Normal, brisk reflexes elicited- biceps, triceps, knee and ankle reflexes elicited.


No meningeal signs were elicited. 


FEVER CHART:




INVESTIGATIONS ON DAY 1 


2D Echo:

 

USG ABDOMEN: 



X-ray: 



ECG:

 

Hemogram on day 2 









Monday, February 21, 2022

A 55 YEAR OLD PATIENT WITH SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND DECREASED URINE OUTPUT.





This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients’ clinical problems with collective current best evidence-based inputs. 

This e-log book also reflects my patient centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome

 

I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan. 


 A 55 YEAR OLD PATIENT WITH SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND DECREASED URINE OUTPUT. 


A 55 year old male, farmer by occupation and a resident of rajammagudam, came with the chief complaints of 

  • Shortness of breath since 1 year 
  • Pedal edema since 3 days 
  • Decreased urine output since 3 days. 



HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS 


  • The patient was apparently assymptomatic 3 years back when he was diagnosed with diabetes when he visited the hospital with complains of fever. He was given tablet pioplus-2(Glimepiride, Metformin and Pioglitazone). He is compliant with his medication. 
  • The patient was having blurring of vision and dizziness for which he went to the doctor and was diagnosed with hypertension and was given amlodipine. He is compliant with the medication. 
  • The patient complains of shortness of breath since 1 year. It was initially of grade 2(MMRC Classification) that is he has to stop to take breath while walking at his own pace. For this he went to a local doctor and was given a tablet (unknown). 
  • The shortness of breath has aggrevated to grade 4 MMRC classification that is shortness of breath even at rest 7 days back. 
  • The shortness of breath was associated with PND and orthopnea. It was not associated with chest pain or palpitations. 
  • The patient also complains of non productive cough since 3 days. 
  • The patient has had decreased urine output for the past three days. In the 24hrs before admission he did not have any urine output. 
  • He doesn’t have any hesitancy, increased frequency or fullness of bladder. 


PAST HISTORY 

He is not a known case of coronary artery diseases, Asthma, TB, epilepsy. 


PERSONAL HISTORY 

Diet: mixed

Appetite: decreased 

Bowel: normal 

Bladder : decreased urine output 

Sleep: disturbed 

Addictions: nil

Allergies (food/drugs) : nil 


GENERAL EXAMINATION 

  •   The patient if conscious, coherent and cooperative 
  • He is Moderately built and moderately nourished
  • Pallor is present 



  • NO icterus, clubbing, cyanosis, generalised lymphadenopathy, pedal edema  is seen 


VITALS:

  • PR: 62bpm
  • BP: 110/80 mmHg
  • RR: 20cpm
  • Temperature: Afebrile


CVS

  • On palpation:

-Apex beat was diffuse and was felt at 6th intercostal space lateral as well as medial to mid-clavicular line. 

-JVP was raised 



-No precordial bulge 

-No parasternal heave

-On auscultation, S1, S2 heard; no murmurs were heard 


RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION: 




  • INSPECTION:  bilaterally symmetrical 

-Expansion of chest: Equal on both sides

-Position of trachea: Central

-Supraclavicular and infraclavicular hollowness was not seen 

-No Crowding of ribs 

-No visible scars, sinuses, pulsations

  • PALPATION:

-expansion of chest was equal on both sides. 

-Position of trachea: Central

-Vocal fremitus: resonant note was felt.

  • PERCUSSION: all lung areas were resonant 
  • AUSCULTATION:
-Bilateral air entry was present. Vesicular breath sounds were heard.  
-Vocal resonance: resonant in all areas


PER ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 

  • Soft, non-tender
  • No hepato-spleenomegaly was noted


CNS : intact 


On 19/02/22 : the patient was admitted and dialysis was done. (Indication: metabolic acidosis pH: 7.19) 

On 20/02/22 : the patient had another session of dialysis. (Indication: metabolic acidosis pH: 7.29)  

Thursday, February 17, 2022

A 45 year old female with altered sensorium , bilateral loin pain and fever.




 This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients’ clinical problems with collective current best evidence-based inputs. 

This e-log book also reflects my patient centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome

 

I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan. 



A 45 year old female came with complaints of 

  • Fever since 10 days
  • Pain in B/L loin since 5 days 
  • Unable to pass urine since 1 day 
  • Altered sensorium since 1 day 

History of presenting illness: 


Patient was apparently asymptomatic 1 month back when she developed pain the bilateral  loin region.  The pain was insidious in onset and of moderate severity. It was continuous in nature. For which she went to the hospital was diagnosed with a kidney stone. 10 days ago then she developed low grade, intermittent fever which was  not associated with chills or rigors. It was relieved on taking medication, she was taken to another hospital for the same and reports showed: 

  • Serum creatinine-1.8
  • CUE: pus cells loaded
  • USG abd: left hydronephrosis 

Fever was associated with burning micturition. 


She was not able to pass urine since 1 day. 

On admission, foley’s catherter was inserted  and frank pus  was noticed. 

Patient had slurring of speech from 2 pm and then started speaking incoherently and couldn’t recognise anyone. 


Dialysis was initiated due to metabolic acidosis (pH: 7.29) on the day of admission and another session was done on the next day. 

Left percutaneous  Nephrostomy was done on day 3 of hospitalisation and 500 ml of pus was drained.  

On day 6 of admission she was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. 


Past history

She is not a known case of HTN, CAD, Epilepsy, Asthma. 


Examination 16/02/22: 


The patient was conscious, coherent and cooperative. 

She is well built but poorly nourished. 

Pallor was present.

  Mild pedal edema was present.

No signs of iceterus, cyanosis, clubbing, generalised lymphadenopathy was seen 


Vitals :

      temp: 97.2F

      Bp  100/60 mm/hg

      Pr: 96 bpm 

      Rr: 14cpm

     


Respiratory system examination

Bilateral air entry was present. 

Normal vesicular breath sounds were heard. 


CVS

S1 and S2 are heard. 

No abnormal heart sounds were heard. 


Abdominal examination :

  1. Abdomen is distended. 
  2. Midline scar present. 
  3. Bladder distended till umbilicus. 
  4. Abdomen soft. 
  5. No guarding 


INVESTIGATION:

X Ray KUB on 8/2/22:




USG DONE ON 8/2/22:

  1. B/L hydronephrosis 
  2. Right simple renal cortical cyst
  3. Grade I fatty liver


NCCT KUB:




  1. Pneumoperitoneum with ?left perinephric abscess. 
  2. Air foci in upper calyx of right kidney- ? Emphysematous pyelonephritis 
  3. Mild ascites.

MDCT SCAN BRAIN- PLAIN: 

No abnormality in brain. 


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS: 


A-septic shock with septic encephalopathy with MODS ( secondary to uremic sepsis) with AKI with denovo diabetes mellitus type 2 





General medicine Internship Real patient OSCE towards optimising clinical complexity

This online E-log Entry Blog is an objectively structured clinical examination method to assess the clinical competence during the course of...